The known history of Fatehpur is as old as the Vedic era. Cunnigham has written about "Bhitaura" and "Asani" places of this district, while discussing about the residuals of the Vedic era . There are proofs that Chinese traveller Huen Tsang visited the Asani place of this district.In village Renh, which is 25 km south-west of Fatehpur town, some articles of archeological interest have been found which are of time 800 BC. Many articles like coins, bricks, idols etc. of Maurya period, Kusan period and Gupta period have been found throughout the ., which are very important from the archeological point of view.
In 1561 AD, Moghal emperor Humayun passed through this town while invading Jaunpur state.tehpur shifted time to time to the hands of Jaunpur, Delhi and Kannauj. In 1801, this region came under control of East India Company, and in 1814 this was given the status of a sub-division (Paragana), while the headquarters was at Bhitaura, which is now a block office.